Stand structure and dynamics in a mixed and multilayered forest in the Upper Susa Valley, Piedmont, Italy
نویسنده
چکیده
Size, age, and spatial structures were studied in a mixed, multilayered forest located in the Upper Susa Valley in Piedmont, Italy, using complete stem mapping, dendrochronology, and spatial analysis on a 1-ha permanent plot. All trees with a diameter >4 cm at 50 cm height (991) and stumps (322) were mapped, measured, and cored. The 639 cross-dated samples were used to reconstruct the disturbance history, and dendroecological results were then compared with information on forest and land use from documentary archives. The stand has undergone substantial shifts in forest structure and species composition over the last 200 years, from an open structure with larch (Larix decidua Mill.), Swiss mountain pine (Pinus uncinata L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and scattered regeneration to a dense multilayered structure with silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce with dense regeneration. Shifts in dominance and structure were found to be consistent with land-use changes rather than with disturbance history. These results confirm the importance of multiple sources of independent data to characterize the disturbances that have affected the origin and development of stands heavily impacted by humans. Knowledge of stand history and understanding of potential ecological transformations are essential for the correct application of close-to-nature silvicultural practices. Résumé : La structure de taille et d’âge et la structure spatiale ont été étudiées dans une placette (1 ha) d’une forêt mélangée et stratifiée située dans la Haute Vallée de Suse (Piémont, Italie). Tous les arbres de la placette d’un diamètre >4 cm à 50 cm au-dessus du sol (991) et toutes les souches (322) ont été cartographiés. L’historique des perturbations a été reconstituée en confrontant les résultats d’une analyse dendrochronologique (639 carottes) et d’une étude de divers documents historiques. Les résultats montrent que la forêt a subi des changements importants en termes de structure et de composition dans les 200 dernières années, partant d’un peuplement ouvert de mélèze (Larix decidua Mill.), pin à crochets (Pinus uncinata Mill.) et épicéa (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) avec une faible régénération vers un peuplement dense et stratifié de sapin (Abies alba Mill.) et épicéa avec une forte régénération. Ni les variations spatiotemporelles d’établissement des arbres ni les transformations de structure et de composition n’ont été provoquées par les perturbations. Le changement de dominance et de structure concorde avec le changement d’utilisation anthropique. Cette étude confirme l’intérêt de la diversité des sources de données indépendantes pour caractériser les perturbations qui ont affecté les peuplements forestiers, notamment l’impact de l’activité humaine et les changements d’utilisation du sol qui en résultent. La connaissance de l’histoire des peuplements et la compréhension des transformations écologiques potentielles sont indispensables pour appliquer correctement une silviculture proche de la nature. Motta and Edouard 36
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